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Numerous other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who wish to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or respected people. Though it has achieved some credibility as a religious beliefs in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been referred to as both a cult and a business enterprise.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Video game people it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's try here activities were industrial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid explanation $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web poll run by the presidential shift team obtaining public input for the incoming administration. Scientologists sign up.

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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on his response renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and dedicated one of the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by an organization not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive strategies in addressing those it sees as attempting to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.